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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 119(6): 981-990, dez. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1420142

ABSTRACT

Resumo O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais prevalente nas mulheres, em torno de 30% de todos os tipos de câncer, enquanto no sexo masculino é responsável por apenas 1% dos casos. No mundo, é a primeira causa de morte por câncer em mulheres. A incidência e a mortalidade variam de acordo com a etnia, região territorial e nível socioeconômico. Em virtude da baixa prevalência do câncer de mama em homens e a escassez de literatura, as condutas são baseadas em extrapolações dos estudos no sexo feminino. As evidências científicas sugerem efeitos benéficos dos exercícios físicos na prevenção, durante o tratamento e no pós-tratamento do câncer de mama. Além do combate ao sedentarismo, é importante manter um peso saudável, limitar o consumo de álcool, e seguir dieta balanceada, rica em frutas, vegetais, grãos e fibras e reduzida em carnes vermelhas. As ações dos exercícios não se restringem ao câncer de mama, mas têm impacto importante no controle dos fatores de risco modificáveis, diminuindo a incidência das doenças cardiovasculares e a mortalidade por causas globais e cardíaca.


Abstract Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, accounting for nearly 30% of all cancers, while in men, it represents only 1% of cases. Breast cancer is the main cause of death for cancer, and its incidence and mortality vary according to patients' ethnicity, geographic region, and socioeconomic status. Due to the low prevalence of breast cancer among men and the scarcity of studies in the literature, exercises have been prescribed based on extrapolations from studies on female patients. Scientific evidence has suggested beneficial effects of physical exercises on breast cancer prevention, treatment, and post-treatment. In addition to combatting sedentary behavior, it is essential to maintain a healthy body weight, limit alcohol consumption, and follow a balanced diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, grains and fibers, and limited in red meat. The effects of exercises are not restricted to breast cancer, but extend to controlling modifiable risk factors, and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Exercise Movement Techniques , Diet, Healthy , Exercise
2.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(1): 28-36, Jan.-Feb. 2022. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1356316

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Exercise tests are an important tool in the investigation of myocardial ischemia. The ramp protocol has gained increasing importance in clinical practice because of the possibility of individualizing its exercise intensity. OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Bruce and ramp protocols for exercise testing in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia considering myocardial perfusion scintigraphy as the reference standard. Secondary objectives included the assessment of hemodynamic profiles, functional capacity, and the incidence of arrhythmias in each of the protocols. METHODS: Participants underwent exercise testing using the ramp and Bruce protocols, and the tests' diagnostic power was assessed. For testing the difference between data provided by both protocols, we used a paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test, depending on the assumption of data normality. The level of significance adopted for all tests was 5%. RESULTS: The ramp protocol showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of 55.6%, 82.4%, and 76.7%, respectively, whereas the Bruce protocol had results of 77.8%, 64.7%, and 67.4%, respectively. The maximum heart rate and double product at peak exercise were significantly higher in the Bruce protocol (p = 0.043 and p = 0.040, respectively). No differences were observed between the incidence of arrhythmias in both protocols. CONCLUSION: The Bruce protocol presented higher sensitivity for detecting ischemia on the exercise test, while the ramp protocol presented higher specificity and accuracy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Exercise Test , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Exercise , Predictive Value of Tests , Hemodynamics
3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 32(4): 368-373, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1012344

ABSTRACT

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is widely used in the evaluation of patients with left ventricular dysfunction, and some of these patients have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). However, this test presents specific challenges because of the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias during maximal levels of exercise. Objective: To evaluate the safety of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with ICD. Methods: The study included patients with ICD who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 2007 and 2015. The tests were completed once the electronic devices were programmed. The maximum allowed heart rate reached during exercise was 10 beats below the first therapy zone programmed. Results: The study included 69 patients with mean age 53.7 ± 10.8 years, including 68% men. Exercise time was 8.7±2.3 minutes, with peak oxygen consumption of 13.3 ± 4.3 ml.kg-1.min-1. Peak heart rate was 62.9 ± 13.4% of the maximum rate predicted, with all patients taking specific medication. Ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 29% of the patients, and paired ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular bigeminism or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia were observed in only 14.5% of the patients. There was no sustained ventricular arrhythmia resulting in ICD therapy or other complications, such as inappropriate therapies. The frequency of severe events was 0%, 95% CI (0 - 5.2%). Conclusion: In the sample of patients evaluated, the cardiopulmonary exercise testing was shown to be safe during its performance in a hospital setting, following the safety standards


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Defibrillators, Implantable , Exercise Test/methods , Oxygen Consumption , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Cardiovascular Diseases , Body Mass Index , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Electrocardiography/methods , Data Analysis , Heart Rate
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(6): 546-551, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-887880

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Chagas disease continues to be a serious public health problem, and accounts for 25-30% of the indications for cardiac stimulation in Brazil. Objective: To assess clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Chagas disease, younger than 18 years, who had undergone pacemaker implantation in Brazil between 1994 and 2011, and its temporal trend. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Pacemaker Registry database. The following variables were analyzed: year when pacemaker was implanted, location, age, sex, ethnic group, functional class and the main electrocardiographic findings at baseline. Results: In a total of 183,123 implants performed between 1994 and 2011, 214 implants of cardiac stimulation device in Chagas disease patients aged younger than 18 years were identified. Mean age at implantation was 5.6 ± 6.2 years. Second- and third-degree atrioventricular blocks corresponded to 71% of indications for pacemaker implantation. Fifty-six percent of the procedures were performed in the southeast region. Regarding the total number of pacemaker implants per year, there was a remarkable increase in the implants for all causes. However, time series analysis of the implants in Chagas disease patients younger than 18 years revealed a significant reduction in the annual number of implants. Conclusion: There has been an important reduction in the number of pacemaker implantations among children and adolescents with Chagas disease, suggesting a reduction in the vertical transmission of the parasite.


Resumo Fundamento: A doença de Chagas mantém-se como sério problema de saúde pública e tem sido responsável por aproximadamente 25% a 30% das indicações de estimulação cardíaca no Brasil. Objetivo: Estudar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes menores de 18 anos portadores de doença de Chagas submetidos a implante de marca-passo no território brasileiro entre 1994 e 2011, e sua tendência temporal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que utilizou informações coletadas pelo Registro Brasileiro de Marca-passo. As variáveis analisadas foram: ano do implante, localidade, idade, sexo, grupo étnico dos pacientes; classificação funcional e os principais achados eletrocardiográficos de base. Resultados: Em um total de 183 123 implantes realizados entre 1994 e 2011, foram identificados 214 implantes de dispositivos de estimulação cardíaca em portadores de doença de Chagas com idade inferior a 18 anos. A média de idade no momento do implante foi de 5,6 ± 6,2 anos. Bloqueios atrioventriculares de 2º e 3º graus foram responsáveis por 71% das indicações. Dos procedimentos, 55,6% foram realizados na região sudeste. Em relação ao total de implantes de marca-passo por ano, observamos um aumento importante e significante de implante por todas as causas. Entretanto, quando avaliamos a série temporal de implantes em pacientes com doença de Chagas menores que 18 anos, observamos uma redução expressiva e significativa no número anual de implantes. Conclusão: Observa-se uma redução importante do número de implantes de marca-passo em crianças e adolescente chagásicos, o que sugere uma redução da transmissão vertical do parasita.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Pacemaker, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/epidemiology , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Treatment Outcome
5.
Diagn. tratamento ; 22(1): 8-20, Jan.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-832425

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca é uma síndrome clínica complexa de caráter sistêmico, definida como disfunção cardíaca que ocasiona inadequado suprimento sanguíneo para atender as necessidades metabólicas teciduais. É uma doença que se manifesta na maioria da população de forma crônica, progressiva e tem causa multifatorial. Caracteriza-se por internações frequentes, elevada prevalência, alta taxa de mortalidade e alto custo socioeconômico. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento efetivo são fundamentais no prognóstico desta síndrome. O tratamento medicamentoso visa diminuir a progressão da doença, reduzir mortalidade e hospitalização, aliviar sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre o tratamento farmacológico da insuficiência cardíaca crônica do tipo sistólica ou com fração de ejeção reduzida. Método: Revisão narrativa da literatura de ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos observacionais. As seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas foram utilizadas: CENTRAL via Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS via BVS e Embase via Elsevier. Como descritores, foram utilizados: insuficiência cardíaca, insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, tratamento medicamentoso, revisão, ensaio clínico. Resultados: Foi encontrado um total de 10.241 estudos nas diferentes bases de dados. Destes, os mais relevantes foram incluídos nesta revisão e os dados encontrados foram apresentados de forma narrativa. Conclusão: Os dados disponíveis demonstraram que o pilar do tratamento medicamentoso capaz de mudar a história natural da insuficiência cardíaca crônica inclui os moduladores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona e os bloqueadores dos receptores beta adrenégicos. Para melhorar sintomas e reduzir hospitalização, estão os diuréticos, a digoxina e a ivabradina.


Subject(s)
Review , Clinical Trial , Drug Therapy , Heart Failure, Systolic , Heart Failure
6.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 29(1): 16-23, jan.-mar.2016. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: lil-788820

ABSTRACT

Síndrome do QT longo congênito é uma síndrome arrítmica hereditária caracterizada por prolongamento do intervalo QT no eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, torsades de pointes e maior chance de morte súbita cardíaca. A síndrome do QT longo congênito possui padrão autossômico dominante (síndrome de Romano-Ward), bem como padrão autossômico recessivo raro (síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen). Desde 1957, quando Jervell e Lange-Nielsen relataram os primeiros casos de síndrome do QT longo congênito familiarcom surdez congênita, a compreensão dos mecanismos genéticos e eletrofisiológicos dessa afecção melhorousignificativamente os métodos diagnósticos e os tratamentos. No entanto, tornou-se evidente que a síndrome do QT longo congênito nem sempre pode ser explicada pela mutação de um único gene. Esta revisão teve por objetivo resumir as características da síndrome do QT longo congênito (principalmente LQT1, LQT2 e LQT3) e descrever brevemente os mais recentes avanços no diagnóstico clínico e no tratamento da afecção...


Congenital long QT syndrome is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the 12-lead electrocardiogram, torsades de pointes and a higher chance of sudden cardiac death. Congenital long QT syndrome includes an autosomal dominant pattern (Romano-Ward syndrome) as well as a rare autosomal recessive pattern (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome). Since 1957 when Jervell and Lange Nielsen reported the first familial long QT syndrome with congenital deafness, the understanding of genetic and electrophysiological mechanisms of long QT syndrome has significantly improved diagnostic methods and treatments. However, is clear that long QT syndrome cannot always be explained by a single gene mutation. This review is aimed at summarizing the characteristics of congenital long QT syndrome (mainly LQT1, LQT2 e LQT3) and briefly describe the most recent advances in long QT syndrome clinical diagnostics and treatment...


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Defects, Congenital , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Long QT Syndrome/congenital , Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrocardiography/methods , Syncope/complications
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(4): 924-930, out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-654255

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A Disfunção Erétil (DE) se associa ao risco aumentado de Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre DE, determinada pelo Índice Internacional de Função Erétil Simplificado (IIFE-5), e DAC. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal que avaliou 263 hipertensos (55 [50 - 61] anos). A DE foi avaliada pelo IIEF-5 e a DAC, por meio da história de revascularização miocárdica prévia e/ou por cineangiocoronariografia. RESULTADOS: O IIFE-5 se correlacionou com o clearance de creatinina [ClCr] (Rho = 0,23; p < 0,001) e com a idade (Rho = -0,22; p < 0,001). Quarenta e dois pacientes apresentavam DAC; e o IIFE-5 foi capaz de discriminá-los (área sob a curva ROC = 0,63; p = 0,006). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: IIFE-5 < 20 (n = 140) e IIFE- 5 > 20 (n = 123); aqueles com menor IIFE-5 tinham idade mais elevada (57 [52 - 61] vs. 54 [45 - 60] anos; p = 0,002), maior prevalência de DAC (22% vs. 9%; p = 0,004), tabagismo (64% vs. 47%; p = 0,009) e do uso de inibidores dos canais de cálcio (65 % vs. 43%; p = 0,001), além de menor ClCr (67,3 [30,8 - 88,6] vs. 82,6 [65,9 - 98,2] ml/min; p < 0,001). O IIFE-5 < 20 se associou ao maior risco de DAC em regressão logística; tanto univariada (RR = 2,89 [IC 95% 1,39 - 6,05]), quanto após ajustes para idade, diabetes, ClCr, tabagismo, pressão arterial média e uso de anti- hipertensivos (RR = 2,59 [IC 95%: 1,01 - 6,61]). CONCLUSÃO: O IIFE-5 se associa ao diagnóstico de DAC e sua utilização pode agregar informação ao estadiamento do risco cardiovascular em pacientes hipertensos.


BACKGROUND: Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between ED, determined by the Simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and CAD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional cohort study that evaluated 263 hypertensive patients (55 [50-61] years). ED was assessed through the IIEF-5 and CAD by the history of previous myocardial revascularization and/or coronary angiography. RESULTS: The IIEF-5 correlated with creatinine clearance [CrCl] (Rho = 0.23, p <0.001) and age (Rho = -0.22, p <0.001). Forty-two patients had CAD, and IIEF-5 was able to discriminate them (area under the ROC curve = 0.63, p = 0.006). Patients were divided into two groups: IIEF-5 < 20 (n = 140) and IIEF-5 > 20 (n = 123); those with lower IIEF-5 scores were older (57 [52-61] vs. 54 [45-60] years, p = 0.002), had higher prevalence of CAD (22% vs. 9%, p = 0.004), smoking (64% vs. 47%, p = 0.009) and use of calcium channel inhibitors (65% vs. 43.%, p = 0.001), as well as lower CrCl (67.3 [30.8 to 88.6] vs. 82.6 [65.9 - 98.2] ml/min, p <0.001). The IIEF-5 < 21 was associated with increased risk of CAD in the logistic regression, both univariate (RR = 2.89 [95%CI: 1.39 - 6.05]), and after adjusting for age, diabetes, CrCl, smoking, mean arterial pressure and use of antihypertensive drugs (RR = 2.59 [95% CI: 1.01 - 6.61]). CONCLUSION: The IIEF-5 is associated with the diagnosis of CAD and its use can add information to cardiovascular risk staging in hypertensive patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Erectile Dysfunction/complications , Hypertension/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Epidemiologic Methods , Erectile Dysfunction/blood , Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
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